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配置文件

配置文件​

image-20230227144410420

开局一张图：

st=>start: nginx -t
en=>end: 启动完成
1=>operation: 默认读取/etc/nginx.conf
2=>operation: 读取 include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf
st->1->2
2->en

默认配置

  • /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 默认配置文件
  • /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default 模板文件

路由匹配优先级​

  • 最高级 "=" 完全匹配
  • 次高级 "^~" 开头匹配
  • 中等级 "~" /xxx/ 正则
  • 最低级 "/" 匹配任何

完整模板 （nginx/1.20.1）​

  • yum安装的默认 nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx; # 设置运行用户和运行组，用空格分割
worker_processes auto; #允许生成的进程数，默认为1
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; # 错误日志的存放路径
pid /run/nginx.pid; # 存储进程pid文件的路径

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; # 需要引入的动态配置文件

# events块 配置影响服务器与用户的网络连接
# 每个进程的最大链接
# 选取哪种事件驱动模型处理连接请求
# 是否允许同时接受多个网路连接
# 开启多个网络连接序列化
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    # 开启高效文件传输模式
    sendfile            on;   #sendfile指令指定nginx是否调用sendfile函数来输出文件,对于普通应用设为 on,如果用来进行下载等应用磁盘IO重负载应用,可设置为off,以平衡磁盘与网络I/O处理速度,降低系统的负载.注意：如果图片显示不正常把这个改成off.
    
    
    tcp_nopush          on;  # 防止网络阻塞
    tcp_nodelay         on;  # 防止网络阻塞
    keepalive_timeout   65;  # (单位s)设置客户端连接保持活动的超时时间,在超过这个时间后服务器会关闭该链接
    types_hash_max_size 4096; # 

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       80;
        listen       [::]:80;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }

# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
#    server {
#        listen       443 ssl http2;
#        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2;
#        server_name  _;
#        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
#        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
#        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
#        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
#        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
#        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
#        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
#        error_page 404 /404.html;
#            location = /40x.html {
#        }
#
#        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#            location = /50x.html {
#        }
#    }

}

关键字详解​

全局​

关键字说明
user
worker_processesnginx的工作进程数，默认auto 根据服务器的cpu来定
error_log错误日志
pid

events {../}​

更多操作关键字说明参数
worker_connections 1024最大连接数
client_header_buffer_size
accept_mutex on/off惊群现象
multi_accept on/off
use epoll事件驱动模型

http {../}​

关键字说明用例
log_format设置日志的记录格式语法
access_log {path} {level}访问日志
  • log_format语法

server {../}​

关键字说明用例
sendfile
tcp_nopush
local

其他配置​

gzip​

    gzip on;
    
    # 开启, 真实压缩
    gzip_static on;

    gzip_min_length 1k;

    gzip_buffers 4 16k;

    #gzip_http_version 1.0;

    gzip_comp_level 5;

    # application/javascript - 必须添加 压缩js
    gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png;

    gzip_vary on;

    gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";

负载均衡​

http {
    upstream xxx { //负载均衡 默认随机分配
        server 192.168.0.1:11 //设置变量
    }
    server {
        location * {//转发规则
            proxy_pass http://xx/; //反向代理 xx 可以使用变量
        } 
    }
}